Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense
Настоящее неопределенное (простое) время

Настоящее неопределенное время употребляется для обозначения обычного, регулярного действия, а также для описания последовательных действий и констатации фактов.
Глаголы в Present Indefinite совпадают по форме с инфинитивом (неопределенной формой), но употребляются без частицы «to». В 3-м лице единственного числа глаголы имеют окончание –s.
Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на –ss, -ch, -sh, -x (т.е. на шипящие или свистящие согласные звуки), принимают в 3-м лице единственного числа окончание –es.
Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на – y с предшествующей согласной, меняют в 3-м лице единственного числа y на i и принимают окончание –es:  I cry - he cries, I carry - she carries.
Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на – у с предшествующей гласной, образуют 3-е лицо единственного числа по общему правилу, т.е. прибавлением –s: I play - he plays.
Глаголы to go, to do принимают в 3-м лице единственного числа окончание –es: he goes, she does.
Вопросительная и отрицательная формы (кроме глагола to be) образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола «do» или «does» (в 3-м лице ед.ч.).

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма	
I	

work.	
Do	I	

work?	I	
do not
(don’t)	

work.	
You			You		You			
We			We		We			
They			They		They			
He	
works.	
Does	He		He	does not
(doesn’t)		
She			She		She			
It			It		It			

Краткие ответы строятся следующим образом:
Yes, I (you, we, they) do.
No, I (you, we, they) don’t.
Yes, he (she, it) does.
No, he (she, it) doesn’t.

Ex. 1. Use the auxiliary verbs «do» or «does».
        1. …. our students study law?
        2. …. Pete work in militia?
        3. …. they identify the offender?
        4. …. he study Criminalistics?
        5. …. they read law books?
        6. …. your friend suspect me?
        7. …. she apprehend the criminal?
        8. …. your brother break the public order?
        9. …. the policeman interview the suspect?
        10. …. your group investigate the crime?

Ex. 2. Rewrite each sentence as question and negative:
Model:  I study law.
                      Do you study law?
                      Yes, I do. (No, I don’t).
1. My friend works as a militiaman.
2. His brother studies at the Law Institute.
3. The officers take the evidence from the witnesses.
4. The policeman preserves public order.
5.  I take police sciences classes at night school.
6. He investigates a crime.
7. My sister helps detectives with their follow-up investigations.
8. I interrogate the arrested woman.
9. We establish everything connected with a crime.
10. My mother conducts an interrogation.
11. They specialize in certain branches of crime.
12. The investigator prepares the documents for the trial. 

Ex. 3. Write the sentences as negative:
Model:   We know this officer.
               We don’t know this officer.
        1. I study at the Moscow Law Institute.
        2. We investigate criminal cases.
        3. The students have lectures, tutorials, practical exercises.
        4. My friend maintains public order in Moscow.
        5. He fights against crime.
        6. She traces and locates criminals.
        7. They interview witnesses, interrogate criminals.
        8. You examine the crime scene.
        9. I make a plan of the investigation. 
        10. The militiamen take part in competitions.
        11. We take measures for search.
        12. She takes pictures of the crime scene and its objects.

Ex. 4. Rewrite each sentence as positive, negative, or question, according to the instructions:
1. Detectives usually search and seize stolen property and instruments of the crime. (negative)
 2. The Moscow Law Institute trains lawyers for Moscow and Moscow region. (question)
3.  Do we study  many special subjects at our College? (positive)
4.  They interrogate criminals. (negative)
5.  The investigator examines the crime scene very carefully. (negative)
6.  Does he interview all witnesses. (positive)
7.  The detective usually takes measures for the detection of the criminal. (question)
8.  The militia officers take active measures to detect the offender. (question)
9.  He makes a plan of the investigation. (negative)
10. Do the officers provide the punishment of such people. (positive)

Past Indefinite Tense
Прошедшее неопределенное (простое) время

Прошедшее неопределенное время употребляется для обозначения действия, совершившегося или совершавшегося в прошлом. Это время употребляется в повествовании, т.е. при изложении событий, имевших место в прошлом, а также в разговоре о прошедших событиях.
Past Indefinite употребляется для выражения прошедшего действия с такими обозначениями времени, как yesterday вчера, last week на прошлой неделе, on Monday в понедельник, an hour ago час тому назад, in 1925 в 1925 году, during the war во время войны и т.п. 
Past Indefinite правильных глаголов образуется путем прибавления во всех лицах окончания – ed к неопределенной форме глагола to work-worked, to detect-detected.
Past Indefinite неправильных глаголов образуется различными другими способами:
to lose-lost
to catch-caught
to be-was, were.
Вопросительная форма (кроме глагола to be) образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to do в прошедшем времени (did) и формы инфинитива смыслового глагола (без to), причем вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим: Did you work? Did he speak?
Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в прошедшем времени (did), частицы not и формы инфинитива смыслового глагола: I did not work.

Утвердительная форма	      Вопросительная форма	      Отрицательная                форма	
I
You
He	
worked	

Did	I
You
He	
work?	I
You
He	

did
not
didn’t	work	
She
It
We
They	

went		She
It
We
They	

go?	She
It
We
They		

go	

Ex. 1.Write these sentences, putting the verbs into the past simple.
1. The police (to interview) the suspect on Monday.
2. This man (to kill) the victim an hour ago.
3. Three witnesses (to give) evidence in the court last week.
4. The investigator (to prepare) the documents for the trial.
5. The officer (to take) the evidence from witnesses of the assault.
6. This barrister (not to specialize) in criminal cases.
7. The old judge (to tell) about the origin of the institution of the jury last year.
8. Our students (to study) Criminal Law two years ago.
9. They (to arrest) him four days ago.
10. A band of criminals (to get) together in an armed gang last year.

Ex. 2. Ask questions to the sentences of ex.1.

Ex. 3. Write these sentences, putting the verbs into the past simple.
1. They … plan of an assault.  (to make)
2. What time … … … last night? (they interrogate suspects)
3. I … … his question. (not understand)
4. They … witnesses? (to interview)
5. An investigator … the evidence  an hour ago. (to collect)
6. He … … the victim. (not to help)
7. There … no traces of crime there. (to be)
8. They … a lot of evidence in that case. (to find)
9. The militia officer … the crime scene. (to examine)
10. The detective … the punishment of the criminal last week. (to provide) 

Ex. 4. Rewrite this story, putting the verbs into the past simple.
Baxter Slate is a policeman. He is 23 years old. He was born in California. Now Baxter works at the Los Angeles Police Department. He is a patrol officer. What is his duty? His duty is to make uniform patrol in the district and to help detectives with their follow–up investigations. Sometimes Baxter works on the daywatch and other times on the nightwatch. Baxter likes to do police work. He wants to become a captain so he takes police sciences classes at night school twice a week.
Baxter is married. His wife Clara is two years younger than her husband. She is a college graduate but she doesn’t work at present. Clara looks after her children, a boy of three and a girl of 1,5. Clara thinks that in future she will get a job and work as an economist.
Baxter’s father was also a policeman. He graduated from a police academy, then worked as a police inspector. After twenty years of service he retired. Now he lives with his wife in his little cottage 60 miles from the city.
When Baxter finishes his tour of duty, he returns home where he helps his wife, plays with his children and has a rest. If he is not busy with his studies, he usually watches TV, reads newspapers and magazines. On his days off Baxter and his wife often go to the cinema or visit their parents.

Ex. 5. Write these sentences, putting the verbs into the correct forms:  
1. His brother (not to study) English every day.
2. Pete (to work) in militia two years ago.
3. He (to study) Criminalistics last year?
4. They (to read) law books.
5. Your friend (to suspect) me?
6. She (to apprehend) the criminal yesterday?
7. The policeman (not to question) the suspect an hour ago.
8. He (to graduate) from a police academy ten years ago?
9. Your group (to investigate) criminal cases every day?
10. He (not to take) police sciences classes five years ago.
11. Your friend always (to conduct) an interrogation.
12. They (to make) uniform patrol in the district last month.

Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense
Будущее неопределенное (простое) время

Будущее неопределенное время употребляется для выражения действия, которое совершится или будет совершаться в будущем. Это время может обозначать как однократное, так и повторяющееся действие. 
Future Indefinite употребляется для выражения будущего времени с такими обозначениями будущего времени, как tomorrow завтра, in a few days через несколько дней (hours часов, minutes минут), next time в следующий раз (year год, week неделю, month месяц), on Sunday в воскресенье.  
Future Indefinite образуется при помощи вспомогательных глаголов shall и will и формы инфинитива смыслового глагола (без to). Shall употребляется с 1-м лицом единственного и множественного числа, а will с остальными лицами I (we) shall work. He (you, they, she, it) will work.
В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим: Shall we work? Will he work?
Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи частицы not, которая ставится  после вспомогательного глагола: I shall not work. He will not work. 

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительнaя форма	Отрицательная форма	
I
We	shall	

work

	Shall	I
We

work?	I
We	shall not
(shan’t)	

work	
You
He
She
It
They	

will		

Will	You
He
She
It
They		You
He
She
It
They	
will not
(won’t)		

Ex. 1. Write these sentences, putting the verbs into the future simple.
1. I’m sure he (not to be) late.
2. I (to open) the window for you?
3. How long he (to investigate) this crime?
4. I suppose she (to be) in Moscow next week.
5. John (to phone) your office for you.
6. There (to be) a lot of people at the meeting?
7. What time the race (to start)?
8. You never (to see) your money again.
9. What’s the matter? I (to phone) the doctor?
10. You (to be) at home tomorrow?

Ex. 2. Ask questions and answer the questions.
1. Our students will study Operative Detective Activity next year.
2. My friend will investigate this crime.
3. Your sister will work in militia next year.
4. They will identify the offender.
5. He will apprehend the criminal.
6. The police inspector will interview the suspect.
7. I shall read law books tomorrow.
8. I shall help you to preserve public order.
9. The officer will take the evidence from the witnesses.
10. My brother will interrogate the arrested woman in an hour.

Ex. 3. Rewrite the sentences of ex. 1 as negative.
Ex. 4. Put the verbs in brackets into the future simple.
1. They (to interrogate) criminals.
2. We (to study) many special subjects at our college.
3. The trial (to last) for a month?
4. My friend (not to work) in the Criminal Investigation Department next year.
5. The investigator (to prepare) the documents for the trial.
6. He (to be) an operative?
7. The judge (not to read) the sentence to the accused in an hour.
8. He (to specialize) in criminal cases?
9. The police (to operate) quickly.
10. The man (to study) this case in a week.

Ex. 5. . Write these sentences, putting the verbs into the correct forms:
1. You (to come) to the police station next Monday?
2. They (to investigate) criminal cases last year.
3. You (to read) newspapers every day?
4. He (not to make) patrol in his district last month.
5. Now I (to be) a student of a militia school.
6. My father (to work) as a judge at a court five years ago?
7. My friends (to maintain) public order in Kazan.
8. He (to trace) the criminals every day?
9. We (to establish) everything connected with a crime tomorrow?
10. You (to conduct) an interrogation in a year.
11. He (to pass) the entrance examinations next year?
12. She (to take) active measures to catch him last night.
13. She paid for her ticket and (to leave).
14. When he warned them about the police, they (to leave) the country.
15. Every day he (to return) home at eight p.m.

Present Perfect Tense
Настоящее совершенное время

Present Perfect употребляется для выражения: действия, совершившегося к настоящему моменту, результат которого имеется налицо в настоящее время; действия, которое началось в прошлом и продолжает длиться в настоящий момент или завершилось к настоящему моменту; результата действия (без отношения ко времени). При употреблении  Present Perfect говорящий обращает внимание собеседника на результат, вытекающий из совершенного действия, а не на время его совершения.
Present Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в форме настоящего времени (have, has) и формы причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle) смыслового глагола. 
В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим.
Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи частицы not, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола.
Present Perfect часто употребляется с наречиями неопределенного времени ever (когда-либо), never (никогда), often (часто), already (уже), yet (еще), for (в течение), since (с, с какого-то прошлого момента до настоящего момента), just (только что), lately (за последнее время) и т.п.

have / has + past participle

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительнaя форма	Отрицательная форма	
I
We
You
They
	
have
(‘ve)	

worked

	Have	I
We
You
They	

worked?	I
We
You
They
	have not (haven’t)	

worked	

He
She
It
	
has
(‘s)

Has	
He
She
It
		
He
She
It
	
has not
(hasn’t)		

Ex.1. Write these sentences, choosing for or since:
1. I’ve worked in militia (for/since) five years.
2. He has served in the detective division (for/since) 1970.
3. She has detected criminal (for/since) five months.
4. He has learned Еnglish (for/since) twelve years.
5. We’ve lived here (for/since) I was child.
6. She’s been at the crime scene (for/since) she saw a crime.

Ex.2. Write the sentences, putting the verbs into the present perfect.
1. He (to control) traffic violations for several months. 
2. She … already (to serve) as a patrolman.
3. We … just (to give) the first aid.
4. You (to violate) ever traffic rules?
5. I … never (to witness) the accident.
6. They (to park) their car in the wrong place lately.
7. He … just (to work out) a plan of a bank robbery.
8. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (to classify) crimes into 27 types.  

Ex.3. Write the correct form of the  present perfect to complete these sentences.
1. ….. ….. …..  to Rome? (you ever be)
2. ….. ….. …. the accident before.  (I see)
3. …. …. …. in militia. (she never work)
4. …. …. …. at the scene of crime. (he just be)
5. …. …. …. a British policeman before. (they never see)
6. …. …. …. against organized crime since 1970. (the FBI fight)
7. …. …. …. the escaped prisoners. (he apprehend)
8. …. …. …. the innocence of persons. (she prove)
9. …. …. …. this man. (the victim never see)
10. .... …. …. the suspect. (the policeman already interrogate)

Ex. 4. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or present perfect.
1. I (not yet to see) our divisional inspector today.
2. He (to play) the piano yesterday?
3. What you (to prepare) for today?
4. She (to make) a plan of investigation last Saturday.
5. Where you (to put) my pictures of the crime scene? I cannot find them.
6. You (to see) the criminal today?
7. He just (to come) home.
8. I (to see) the policeman last week.
9. The militia officer (to promise) to take you to the court?
10. I already (to interrogate) the arrested criminal.
11. She (to come) to the court a minute ago.
12. He (to read) the documents of the criminal case last week.
13. I never (to be) to Washington.
14. You ever (to see) the offender?
15. I (to call) the police an hour ago.

Past Perfect Tense
Прошедшее совершенное время

Past Perfect употребляется для выражения прошедшего действия, которое уже совершилось до определенного момента в прошлом. Past Perfect представляет собой «предпрошедшее» время, поскольку оно выражает прошедшее действие по отношению к моменту, также являющемуся прошедшим. Этот момент может быть определен такими обозначениями времени, как by five o’clock к пяти часам, by Saturday к субботе,  by the 15th of December к 15 декабря, by the end of the year к концу года, by that time к тому времени, другим прошедшим действием, выраженным в Past Indefinite, и Past Perfect часто употребляется  в придаточном предложении после союза  after после того как.
Past Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в форме прошедшего времени (had) и формы причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle) смыслового глагола: I had worked, he had worked.
В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим.
Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи частицы not, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола. 

had / d + past participle

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительнaя форма	Отрицательная форма	
I 
He
She
It 
We
You
They

had‘d

worked

Had

	I
He
She
It
 We
 You
 They

worked?	I
He
She
It
We
You
They	

had not (hadn’t)

worked	

Ex. 1. Write the sentences putting one verb in each sentence into the past simple, and the other verb into the past perfect
1. When Sarah (to arrive) at the crime scene, the offender already (to go).
2. When they (to get) home last night, they (to find) that somebody (to break into) the flat.
3. I (not to know) who she was. I (never to see) her before.
4. A woman (to walk) into the room. She was a complete stranger to me. I (never to see) her before.
5. We (to arrive) at work in the morning and (to find) that somebody (to break into) the office during the night.
6. We (to see) a car which (to break down).
7. When I (to get) to the shop, the burglar (to leave) it.
8. They (to eat) everything by the time I arrived at the party.
9. When we (to leave) the beach, the rain already (to start).
10. I (to try) telephoning her several times but she (to leave) the country.
11. When I (to find) my purse, someone (to take) the money out of it.
12. The car (to go) when I (to look) into the street.
13. The patient (to die) by the time I (to see) her. 
14. All the garages (to close) by the time we (to cross) the border.
15. (You already to leave) when the trouble (to start)? 

Ex. 2. Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect or past simple.
1. By two o’clock the investigator (to examine) the material evidence.
2. On his way to the office he (to remember) that he (to leave) his report at home.
3. My friends (to be) glad to hear that I (to collect) sufficient evidence to bring the criminal to justice.
4. She (to open) her eyes (to look) around and (to try) to remember what (to happen) to her.
5. By the time we (to come) to see the crime scene, the police officer (to gather) all marks of identification.
6. When they (to enter) the house, the interrogation already (to begin).
7. When I came home, the policemen (to tell) me that they (to arrest) the criminal.
8. Where you (to work) before, you (to enter) the Kazan Law Institute?
9. She (not to know) who (to attack) her in the darkness.
10. The investigator (to be) glad that he (to find) fingerprints at the scene of crime.
11. He (to think) that that he (to lose) the discovered evidence.
12. Ann (to tell) me that she (to solve) many crimes.
13. When I (to come) to the police station, twenty witnesses (to give) the evidence.
14. Yesterday he (to find) the file of the criminal case which he (to lose) last week.
15. They (to think) that the judge (to read) the charge to the accused.

Future Perfect Tense
Будущее совершенное время

Future Perfect употребляется для выражения будущего действия, которое совершится до определенного момента в будущем. Переводится на русский язык будущим временем глагола совершенного вида. Момент, до которого совершится действие, может быть определен такими обозначениями времени, как by five o’clock к пяти часам, by Saturday к субботе, by the end of the year к концу года, by that time к тому времени.
Future Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в форме будущего времени (shall have, will have) и формы причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle) смыслового глагола: I shall have worked, he will have worked.
В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим.
Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи частицы not, которая ставится после первого вспомогательного глагола. 

will / ll + have + past participle 

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительнaя 
форма	Отрицательная форма	
I
We	shall /’ll
have	

worked

	Shall	I
We

have
worked?	I
We	shall not
(shan’t)
have	

worked	
You
He
She
It
They	
will /’ll
have		

Will	You
He
She
It
They		You
He
She
It
They	
will not
(won’t)
have		

Ex. 1. Write the verbs below in the future simple or future perfect:
1. We are late. The interrogation (already to start) by the time we get to the police station.
2. When they’ve talked to me, the police (to question) everybody in the office.
3. She (to be) a policewoman for twenty five years by the time she retires.
4. Another million people (to become) unemployed by this time next year.
5. They (to interrogate) the criminal for twenty four hours by twelve o’clock tomorrow.
6. I (to do) my report by six o’clock tomorrow.
7. My friend (to come) to the office at seven o’clock tomorrow. I (to finish) the interrogation by the time he comes, and we (to go) home together.
8. She (to catch) the criminal by Saturday.
9. What you (to do) tomorrow?
10. You (to solve crimes) by the end of the year?
11. How many pages he (to write) by three o’clock tomorrow?
12. Phone me after eight o’clock. We (to finish) the collection of physical evidence.

The Passive Voice
Страдательный залог
Если подлежащее обозначает лицо или предмет, совершающий действие, то глагол употребляется в форме действительного залога: 
Pushkin wrote «Poltava» in 1828.
Если же подлежащее обозначает лицо или предмет, подвергающийся действию со стороны другого лица или предмета, то глагол употребляется в форме страдательного залога: 
«Poltava» was written by Pushkin in 1828.
Времена страдательного залога образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени и формы причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle) смыслового глагола. Таким образом, при спряжении глагола в страдательном залоге изменяется только глагол to be, смысловой же глагол имеет во всех временах одну и ту же форму - Past Participle. Время, в котором стоит глагол в страдательном залоге, определяется формой, в которой стоит вспомогательный глагол to be:

	Indefinite	     Continuous	        Perfect	
      Present	I am invited	I am being invited	I have been invited	
      Past	I was invited	I was being invited	I had been invited	
      Future	I shall be invited	           ___
         	I shall have been invited	
Future in the Past	I should be invited	           ___	I should have been invited	
 В страдательном залоге имеются только два времени группы Continuous: Present Continuous и Past Continuous; форма Future Continuous отсутствует. В страдательном залоге отсутствуют также времена группы Perfect Continuous.
При образовании вопросительной формы вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим: Am I invited? Если вспомогательный глагол употребляется в сложной форме (have been, shall have been и т.д.), то только первый вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим: Have I been invited? Shall I have been invited?
При образовании отрицательной формы частица not ставится после вспомогательного глагола: I am not invited. Если вспомогательный глагол употреблен в сложной форме (have been, shall have been и т.д.), то частица not ставится после первого вспомогательного глагола: I have not been invited. I shall not have been invited.
С модальными глаголами must, can (could), may (might), should, ought to, have to, be to пассивная форма образуется с помощью be и Past Participle  (Participle II) основного глагола. Например: This work must be finished today.

to be + Past Participle

Ex. 1. Translate into English using the verbs in the Past Simple Active or Past Simple Passive: 
Я арестовал – Меня арестовали
Вы показали – Вам показали
Она задержала – Она задержана
Они спросили – Их спросили
Мы допросили – Нас допросили
Мы обнаружили – Нас обнаружили
Он нашел – Его нашли
Она оштрафовала – Ее оштрафовали
Я обвинил – Меня обвинили
Ex. 2. Use the verbs in Present Simple Passive:
1. The largest collection of fingerprints (to maintain) in the Identification Division of the FBI.
2. The offenders (to apprehend) by the police.
3. The Special Branch (to charge) with protecting very important persons.
4. The flying squad (to use) all over the country.
5. He (to charge) with stealing a car.
6. Many crimes (to solve) through fingerprint identification.
7. Criminal records and fingerprint files (to transfer) to the FBI from other police agencies.
8. Special agents (to instruct) in modern crime detection methods.
9. Many accidents (to cause) by dangerous drivers.

Ex. 3. Use the verbs in Past Simple Passive:
1. During the preliminary investigation more than twenty witnesses (to interview).
2. The suspect positively (to identify) by several of his victims.
3. During a burglary the window of the shop (to break).
4. A suspected person (to apprehend).
5. The soldiers (to give) an order to attack.
6. The suspect (to arrest) on different charges.
7. The criminal Investigation Department (to create) in the 19th century.
8. A dangerous fugitive (to locate) and (to arrest).
9. A lot of money (to steal) in the robbery.  

Ex. 4. Put the verbs in Future Simple Passive:
1. Practical skills (to pay) great attention to in the course of training.
2. The gang leaders (to convict) on the basis of sufficient evidence.
3. Everybody in the street (to arrest) after 10 o’clock.
4. The investigations (to finish) by the end of the month.
5. The defendant (to fine) by a judge by the end of the trial.
6. The accused (to sentence) to jail.
7. A sum of money (to pay) by a person for being released.
8. The bags (to take) to the police station next time.
9. Tomorrow you (to give) plenty of time to decide.

Ex. 5. Rewrite these verbs as passives, keeping them in the same tense and removing they, we, someone, etc.  
1. Someone has given him a lot of money.
2. The police arrested two hundred people.
3. We check every car engine thoroughly.
4. We export this computer to seventy different countries.
5. They opened the prison at nine o’clock.
6. We sent two million fingerprints to the FBI.
7. They have invited five witnesses to the police station.
8. We have told him not to be late again.
9. They paid me a lot of money to do the job.
10. He collected sufficient evidence.

Ex. 6. Rewrite these sentences in the passive. 
1. Someone’s interviewing Dr Johnson at the moment.
    Dr Johnson ….
2. You mustn’t use this machine after 5.30 p.m.
    This machine ….
3. We had warned him the day before not to go too near the prison.
    He ….
4. They were painting the outside of the ship when the accident happened.
    The outside of the ship ….
5. You must clean this machine every time you use it.
    This machine ….
6. You should keep the flowers in a warm sunny place.
    The flowers ….
7. Someone will drive your car to Edinburgh on Tuesday.
    Your car ….
8. We don’t allow smoking in this restaurant.
    Smoking ….
9. You should pay your bill before you leave the hotel.
    Your bill ….
10. I have told the children about the accident.  
     The children ….
11. About thirty million people are watching this programme.
      This programme ….
12. We expect people not to talk during the trial.
       People ….
13. You mustn’t touch this button while the experiment is in progress.
      This button ….
14. Someone will blow a whistle if there is an emergency.
      A whistle ….
15. Someone was carrying the bomb to a safe place when it exploded.
     The bomb ….
16. The police are questioning Mr. and Mrs. Davidson.
      Mr. and Mrs. Davidson ….
17. Someone checks the water level every week.
      The water level ….
18. We invited two hundred people to the wedding.
      Two hundred people ….
19. Fortunately, they didn’t damage the machinery.
      The machinery ….
20. Someone killed the President last night.
      The President ….
Indirect Speech
Косвенная речь
Речь, передаваемая не буквально, а по содержанию, в виде придаточного дополнительного предложения, называется косвенной речью.
При переводе повествовательного предложения в косвенную речь соблюдаются следующие правила:
1. повествовательное предложение вводится союзом that, который, однако, часто опускается;
2.   если после глагола to say имеется указание на лицо, то в косвенной речи он заменяется глаголом to tell, например: 
He has said to me «I shall come at five o’clock». 
He has told me that he will come at five o’clock.
3. Личные и притяжательные местоимения заменяются по смыслу, например:
Mary says, «Peter has taken my dictionary».
Mary says that Peter has taken her dictionary.
4. Если глагол в главном предложении стоит в Present Indefinite, Present Perfect или Future Indefinite, то глагол в косвенной речи (придаточном предложении) остается в том же времени, в каком он был в прямой речи: 
He says, «We shall come on Monday».
He says that they will come on Monday.
5. Если глагол в главном предложении стоит в Past Indefinite, Past Continuous или Past Perfect, то время глагола прямой речи заменяется в косвенной речи (придаточном предложении) другим временем, в соответствии с правилом последовательности времен. Согласно этому правилу, Present Indefinite, Present Continuous, Present Perfect заменяются соответственно формами Past Indefinite, Past Continuous, Past Perfect; Past Indefinite, Past Continuous заменяются соответственно формами Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous; Future Indefinite, Future Continuous, Future Perfect заменяются соответствующими формами Future in the Past.
Прямая речь                                         Косвенная речь
will                            →                         would
shall                           →                         should
is going to                 →                          was going to 
present simple           →                          past simple
present continuous    →                          past continuous
past continuous         →                          past perfect continuous
present perfect           →                          past perfect
past simple                →                           past perfect
must                          →                           had to
can                            →                           could 
6.  Указательные местоимения и наречия времени и места в прямой речи заменяются в косвенной речи по смыслу другими словами, как и в русском языке:
this    этот                                                           that тот 
these  эти                                                            those те
now   сейчас                                                       then тогда
today  сегодня                                                    that day
tomorrow завтра                                                the next day
the day after tomorrow   послезавтра             two days later
yesterday  вчера                                                 the day before  
the day before yesterday   позавчера               two days before
ago  тому назад                                                   before
next year   в будущем году                                the next year
here  здесь                                                            there 
on Tuesday                                                           the following Tuesday
last Tuesday                                                         the previous Tuesday 

При переводе вопросительного предложения в косвенную речь соблюдаются вышеизложенные правила. Помимо этого: 
1) вопросительный порядок слов в прямом вопросе заменяется порядком слов повествовательного предложения, т.е. сказуемое (как вспомогательный или модальный, так и смысловой глагол) ставится после подлежащего;
2) общий вопрос вводится союзом if или whether (соответствует частице «ли» в русском языке), например:
He asked me, «Will you be here tomorrow?»
He asked me whether I should be there the next day;
3) cпециальные вопросы в косвенной речи вводятся соответствующими вопросительными словами, например:
He asked me, «Where do you live?»
He asked me where I lived.

При переводе побудительных предложений в косвенную речь необходимо соблюдать следующие правила:
1) приказания и просьбы вводятся глаголами to tell (велеть), to order (приказать), to ask (попросить):
She said to him, «Come at five o’clock».
She told him to come at five o’clock.
2)  глагол в повелительном наклонении заменяется инфинитивом или отрицанием not с инфинитивом для отрицательной формы, например:
He said to me, «Don’t go there».
He told me not to go there.

 Ex. 1. Write these sentences in indirect speech, using the words given.
    Model : «I haven’t done my report». (she says)
                 She says she hasn’t done her report.
1. «I haven’t got any money». (he’ll tell you)
2. «I’ve seen the gang leaders before». (she says) 
3. «I want to go home». (he’s already told you)
4. «I haven’t seen the criminal for years». (he says)
5. «I don’t know how much it costs». (she says)
6. «I don’t like going to the police station». (she’s told me)
7. «We’ve never been to the trial». (they say)
8. «I need many witnesses to solve the crime». (he’ll say) 
9. «We can’t identify the offender». (they’ve told me)
10. «I’m going to study Criminalistics this year». (she’ll say that)
11. «The interrogation will start in half an hour» (the detective has just announced that)
12. «There are no law books left for tonight’s meeting» (she says)
13. «We haven’t had anything to eat». (the policemen say)
14. «I’ve already seen the suspect». (he’s told me)
15. «I’ll investigate this crime next week». (I’ve told them)

Ex. 2. Write these sentences in indirect speech, using the words given.
Model: «My name is Kate». (she said)
             She said her name was Kate.
1. «I’m gathering the facts for court presentation». (he said)
2. «I’m waiting for our judge». (she said)
3. «I don’t like to discover the criminal». (she said)
4. «We’re worried about Peter». (they said)
5. «I don’t smoke». (Mary said)
6. «The criminal isn’t identified». (he said)
7. «They are interviewing witnesses». (you said)
8. «I’m tracing a fugitive». (she said)
9. «The car isn’t at my house». (he said)
10. «I’m waiting for the results of the investigation». (John said)
11. «I work for an American company». (Mrs Johnson said)
12. «I find missing persons». (the investigator said)
13. «I’m examining the crime scene». (Susan said)
14. «I like the new house». (Kate said)
15. «I’m making a plan of the investigation». (she said) 

Ex. 3. Write these sentences in indirect speech:
Model: «I’m very tired». (she said)
            She said that she was very tired.
1. «I’ll see the witnesses tomorrow». (she said)
2. «I saw the criminal today». (he said)
3. «I don’t like this criminal case». (she said)
4. «We went to the crime scene yesterday». (he said)
5. «I’ll see the investigator on Monday». (she said)
6. «I met the suspect about two days ago». (he said)
7. «Pete and Mary are getting married tomorrow». (she said)
8. «Stephen’s bringing some records of fingerprints tonight». (he said)
9. «The militia officers are arriving tomorrow». (she said)
10. «We visited her this morning». (they said)
11. «I can see the offender tomorrow». (he said)
12. «The detectives were here three months ago». (he said) 

Ex. 4. Write these sentences as reported questions using the words given.
Model: «What’s your name?» he asked. (wanted to know) 
            He wanted to know what my name was.
1. «How old are you?» she said. (asked)
2. «When does the trial begin» I asked. (asked)
3. «How are you?» she said (asked) 
4. «Who did you see at the crime scene?» the investigator said. (wanted to know)
5. «Why did you take my wallet?» he asked. (wanted to know)
6. «How did you get to the Moscow Law Institute?» she said (asked)
7. «Where do you live?» the boy asked. (wanted to know)
8. «Why wasn’t Judy at the scene of a crime?» she asked. (asked)
9. «Why didn’t you telephone?» the police officer asked. (wanted to know)
10. «What time does the judge arrive?» we asked. (inquired)
11. «Who do you want to talk to?» she said (asked)
12. «Why won’t you let me in?» he shouted. (demanded to know)

Ex. 5. Write these sentences as reported questions. 
Model: «Do you like our militia?» she asked.
             She asked if I liked our militia.
1. «Does your father work in militia?» she asked.
2. «Do you study Criminal Law?» he asked.
3. «Are you an investigator?» she asked.
4. «Have you met this detective before?» he asked.
5. «Are you hungry?» she asked.
6. «Did you borrow my police car?» he asked
7. «Have you finished your investigation?» he asked.
8. «Did you invite our militia officers?» she asked.
9. «Does your brother take pictures of the crime scene?» she asked.
10. «Do you know who took the evidence from the witnesses?» he asked.
11. «Have you hurt yourself?» she asked.
12. «Did you lend them your money?» he asked.

Ex.6. Write these sentences in indirect speech.
1. «Which pistol did you take?» (he)
2. «Are you wearing your uniform?» (she)
3. «How much did it cost?» (he)
4. «Are you seeing the judge tomorrow?» (she)
5. «What are you doing?» (he)
6. «How far do I have to walk?» (he)
7. «Have you had anything to eat?» (she)
8. «Are you in a hurry?» (she)
9. «Did you see the accident?» (she)
10. «Have you ever been to the crime scene?» (he)
11. «When did you start learning Spanish?»(she)
12. «Do you like having holidays abroad?»(she)

Ex. 7. Write these sentences in indirect speech.
Model: «Sit down, Mary.» (he told)
            He told Mary to sit down.
1. «Don’t go near the crime scene.» (the children’s mother warned) 
2. «Don’t be late.» (the investigator told)
3. «Be quiet, children.» (the teacher told)
4. «Don’t shoot, men!» (the officer ordered)
5. «Have your documents ready, please.» (the inspector told us)
6. «Don’t use the telephone after eleven o’clock.» (the policeman told us)
7. «Leave your pistols on the table, please.» (the policeman told us)
8. «Have your passports ready, please.» (the customs officer told us)
9. «Run!» (the general ordered the soldiers)
10. «Finish the investigation tonight.» (the chief inspector told me)
11. «Hurry up.» (he told me)
12. «Don’t be frightened.» (she told me)

Ex. 8. Write these sentences in indirect speech.
Model: 1. «Would you open the door, please?»
                She asked me to open the door.
            2. «Would you like a cup of tea?»
                He asked me if I would like a cup of tea.
            3. «Would you pass me a cup of tea?»
                He asked me to pass a cup of tea.
1. «Would you take the children to school for me?» he asked.
2. «Would you sit down, please» she asked.
3. «Would you talk more quietly, please?» he asked.
4. «Would you like to go out at the weekend?» she asked.
5. «Would you turn on the radio, please» she asked.
6. «Would you move your car, please?» he asked.
7. «Would you like to trace the criminal or to study the criminal cases?» he asked.
8. «Would you pass my cup, please» he asked.
9. «Would you turn the car engine off, please» he asked.
10. «Would you like to stay with us?» she asked.
11. «Would you check the bill for me, please?» he asked
12. «Would you gather the facts for court presentation, please» he asked.

Ex. 9. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verbs.
1. He said he …. already …. to the police officer. (to speak)
2. She asked me …. the criminal. (to identify)
3. He wanted to know where I …. for the last few years. (to live)
4. I warned her …. too near the criminal. (not to go)
5. I asked her if Mrs Brown …. just …. . (to leave)
6. The police ordered the crowd …. . (to stay back)
7. They told me that the suspect …. at that very moment. (to leave)
8. I wanted to know how much money I ….  in my bank account. (to have)
9. I asked him whether Mr Brown ….  yet. (to register)
10. The publishers have told me that they …. my book. (not going to accept)
11. She asked when the plane …. the night before and whether it …. direct from Brussels. (to arrive / to come)
12. He indicated that he …. by nodding his head. (to agree)

Учебное издание

Ахметзянова Гульсина Римовна

Сборник грамматических упражнений

Методическое пособие

Компьютерная верстка         Г.Р. Ахметзянова
Корректор                              О.Н. Хрусталева

Подписано в печать      Формат 60х80 1/16
Усл. печ. л. 1,3    Тираж 50

Типография КЮИ МВД России
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