ABOUT MYSELF
I`d like to introduce myself. My name is Irene, Ira for short. My full name is Irene Pavlovna Ivanova. Pavlovna is my patronymic. Ivanova is my surname.
I was born and live in the city of Kazan, the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan.
I am seventeen. After the final examinations at school, I decided to enter the Kazan Law Institute. Now I am a first-year student and a private of militia. My choice is not casual, you know. My parents work in militia. My father is a colonel, my mother is a children inspector. My cherished desire is to be a good lawyer and to be necessary to our society.
The Institute is in Magistralnaya Street. We study different subjects here: Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure, Administrative Law, Civil Law, Logic, Philosophy, History, Operative Detective Activity, English and Tatar languages etс. Our working day begins at 8.30 and ends at 5 p.m.
I am doing some sports too. I can play tennis and I am good enough a swimmer. 

1.	 Find the English equivalents for the following words: отчество, рядовой милиции, заветная мечта, полковник, общество, выбор.

2.	Answer the following questions:
1)	What is your full name?
2)	What is your patronymic?
3)	Where are you from?
4)	How old are you?
5)	What is your cherished desire?
6)	What is your hobby?
7)	What subjects do you study?

MY FAMILY
We are a small family. There are only 4 of us: my parents, my younger brother and myself. We live in Kazan in a nice district. My parents are rather young. They are about forty. My father is a colonel. He works in militia. He goes there very early and comes very tired. But sometimes he is very cheerful and talkative, and takes us, his children to the cinema or to the theatre and we enjoy these days very much. Father explains his good spirits by the fact that he could do something really good to people.
My mother is a doctor. She works in the hospital. She is two years my father’s junior. She is a pleasant-looking woman, kind, gentle, full of joy and energy. She manages the house, our father and us, children very well. She is very practical and full of common sense like most women. She teaches us to do a lot of things – to do the house, to cook and a lot of other things.
I am a student of the Kazan Law Institute. I am a freshman. I want to be a lawyer. Though there are a great many professions in the world and they are all good, interesting and useful in their own way, I think that the profession of a lawyer is very important and nowadays it is especially essential.
The profession of a lawyer is very complicated, because it deals with people and laws. Doctors and teachers also deal with people, whereas lawyers deal not only with people’s life, but with the lifes`of nations all over the world.
My younger brother is a schoolboy. He is 5 years my junior. He studies well and he is especially good at mathematics. He is strong in body and character. My brother loves animals and keeps a dog in our flat. He has to walk his dog twice a day: early in the morning and late in the evening.
Our parents love us, their daughter and son. They are proud of us and I am the apple of their eye.
We`ve got other relatives. Our grandparents on our father`s side do not live with us. They live with my father`s sister – my aunt Ann, her husband – my uncle Alex and their daughter – my cousin Olga. We often see each other and I am proud that we are friendly family.
1.	Learn by heart the words bellow and write down a story of your own, using them:

Мать – a mother
                                              parents
Отец – a father

Дочь – a daughter
Сын – a son
Ребенок – a child
Дети – children

Бабушка – a grandmother
                                                            grandparents
Дедушка – a grandfather

Тетя – an aunt
Дядя – an uncle
Брат – a brother
Сестра – a sister
Кузен (кузина) – a cousin
Муж – a husband
Жена – a wife
Свекровь, теща – a mother-in-law 
Свекор, тесть – a father-in-law
Невестка – a daughter-in-law
Зять – a son-in-law
Золовка – a sister-in-law
Шурин – a brother-in-law

2. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following:
1) достаточно молодые;
2) объясняет свое хорошее настроение;
3) в настоящее время она особенно важна;
4) быть зеницей ока;
5) имеет дело с…;
6) мы часто видимся;
7) особенно хорош в…;
8) хорошо управляться в чем-либо;
9) дважды в день;
10) другие родственники.

3. Put fifteen questions to the text.

THE KAZAN LAW INSTITUTE
The history of the foundation and development of the Kazan Law Institute of the Ministry of Interior of Russia has begun since the 21st of March, 1974. According to the order of the Minister of Interior of the USSR in Kazan was established the educational consulting center of the law correspondence course at the Academy of the Ministry of Interior of the USSR. 
The formation and the development of our Institute is the great desert of its first Heads. From 1974 till 1978 it was headed by the Colonel of internal service Yelmanov Grigoriy Fedorovich. Then from 1978 till 1984 Lieutenant – General of internal service Yapeev Salih Zelaletdinovich, continued his work. He did his best to reorganize the educational consulting center into the department of the Correspondence course. 
Since 1984 during 9 years this department was headed by the Colonel of the internal service Muginov Rafael Sharipovich. During his work the scientific potential of the staff was increased, lecture rooms were supplied with the modern equipment. In August 1993 Safiullin Nail Khamitovich was appointed as the Head of the department of the Correspondence course. Before he worked as the first Deputy of the Ministry of Interior. A new stage of the development of the college began with his coming.
In 1994 the College got the new status and the new name – the Kazan branch of the Moscow Law Institute of the Ministry of Interior of Russia. By the resolution of the Russian government № 663 from the 22nd of June the Kazan Law Institute of the Ministry of Interior of Russia was established on the basis of the Kazan branch of the Moscow Law Institute.
On June 23rd, 2000 the ceremony of the delivery of the banner took place at the Kazan Law Institute.
On July 19th, 2001 the Kazan Law Institute got the license of the State accreditation of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.
On October 7, 2008, by the Edict №1449 the President of Russia D.A. Medvedev appointed Zinnurov Foat Kanafievich as the Head of the Kazan Law Institute of the Ministry of Interior. 
The new Leader has continued traditions of Institute and added a new impulse to education and training. He has also strengthened connections between learning and the scientific work on demands of the practical activity of the Ministry of Interior of Russia and the Republic of Tatarstan.
A great number of well equipped premises are at the disposal of our Institute. There are auditoriums, laboratories and special classrooms, lecture-halls, 6 libraries, a criminalistic ground and a garage with accommodation for cars and buses. 
During the whole period of its existence our Institute has trained more than 6000 specialists, including over 4000 of them with a higher juridical education. Our college trains detectives and investigators for Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Mari El, Chuvashiya, Chechnya, Moldova, Astrakhan, Kirov and Ulyanovsk regions. 
Many of our students became well-known leaders of Ministry of Interior of Tatarstan: R.Z. Timirzanov, R.G. Nugumanov, E.Z. Davletshin, A.V. Khokhorin, N.Kh. Safiullin, I.G. Galimov  and many others.
There are 15 departments and the following faculties: the faculty for students taking correspondence course, refreshment courses for working militia officers, the commercial faculty and post-graduate courses. Besides over 20 different services and departments provide the teaching process. 
In 2007 Elabuga Militia School was reorganized into the branch of our Institute.
The great scientific potential of the teaching staff provides students with the high standard of knowledge. The scholars carry out the research work in different fields of law and methodology of juridical sciences. There are over 30 scientific societies at our Institute. The research works of our students constantly win the prize places at different competitions, which are held among colleges in Russia and Tatarstan. Besides the international collaboration with law enforcement agencies of foreign countries is developing. Our students studied at the Training Center of the Metropolitan Police of London.
The members of the students’ scientific society have got the medal of Russian Academy of Science and become the finalists of the competition called «Gold regular reserve» which was organized by the School of Political Leaders at the Center of Strategical Researches of the Federal Volga region.
Our students have a lot of opportunities not only for successful study, but also for a good rest and sport. There are a stadium, 5 gymnasiums, the shooting gallery, the club, the brass band, the classes of ballroom dances and amateur art activities, the team of KVN (The Club of funny and inventive people), the sporting sections on shooting, on hand- to- hand combat and others. Besides there is a splendid opportunity to get driving license.
At the Kazan Law Institute of Ministry of Interior of Russia a great attention is paid to the development of physical training and sport. Among the sportsmen of our College there are Masters of sport, prize-winners of Russia and the World cup winners on unarmed self-defense tactics; boxing champions of Tatarstan Republic and others. 

1.	Find the English equivalents for the following words and write down your own sentences with them: 
1)	развитие;
2)	 большая заслуга;
3)	 МВД;
4)	 полковник внутренней службы;
5)	 делать все возможное;
6)	 был возглавлен;
7)	 научный потенциал;
8)	 современное оборудование;
9)	 генерал-лейтенант;
10)	получил новый статус;
11)	 иметь место;
12)	 знамя;
13)	 лицензия;
14)	 назначать;
15)	 добавил новый импульс;
16)	усилил связь;
17)	научная работа;
18)	практическая деятельность;
19)	находиться в распоряжении института;
20)	существование;
21)	 курсы повышения квалификации для работающих офицеров милиции;
22)	аспирантура;
23)	ученые;
24)	осуществлять научную работу;
25)	профессорско-преподавательский состав;
26)	научное общество;
27)	постоянно;
28)	 международное сотрудничество;
29)	успешная учеба;
30)	тир;
31)	превосходная возможность;
32)	большое внимание уделяется.

 2. Make up a dialogue using the words bellow: the history, according to, the educational consulting center, first Heads, to reorganize, was increased, lecture rooms, the new status and the new name, the ceremony of the delivery of the banner, the Head of the Kazan Law Institute of the Ministry of Interior, a garage with accommodation for cars and buses, well-known leaders of Ministry of Interior of Tatarstan, the commercial faculty, the high standard of knowledge

3. Give a summary of the text.

LONDON
There are many beautiful cities in the world and London is one of them. Every city has its own face, so has London. There are a lot of beautiful sights of interest here and I’d like to tell about some of them. 
The heart of London is Trafalgar Square with Nelson`s column in the middle of it. The square was called in memory of the victory of the British Fleet over the combined Fleets of Spain and France at the place of Trafalgar. The victory was won at the cost of Nelson`s life, the famous English Admiral at that time. There is a bronze lion at each corner of the monument.
Trafalgar Square is situated in one of the four districts of London, Westminster. Westminster is known as the district of governmental offices. Here in Westminster Palace is the House of Parliament, called so because there are two houses in the British Parliament– the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Both are situated in one and the same building, but at the opposite ends of it. On the highest towers of the building there is the clock and bell «Big Ben», called after the chief Commissioner of Works at that time Sir Bengamin Hall, a very tall stout man, whose nickname was «Big Ben».
Not far from the Westminster Palace is Westminster Abbey which was built by the architect Sir Christopher Wren. Westminster Abbey is famous for the Poets` corner, because many of the greatest writers and poets are berried here: Dickens, Tennyson, Rudyard, Kipling etc. 
The other districts of London are: the West End, the East End and the City. The West End is a fashionable district. There are a lot of expensive shops, restaurants, hotels, bars, big houses, theaters, cinemas, picture galleries.
The East End is not so beautiful and fashionable as the West End. Here are factories, plants, poor little houses, narrow streets. The East End is the hands of London.
The City is a business centre of London. Here are all business offices and firms. It is the oldest part of London. During the day the City has a population of half a million, but at nights there’s no traffic and very few people.
Great Britain is a monarchy but one can not but mention the Buckingham Palace, the residence of the British Queen and her family. Her small residence is Windsor, not far away from London.
When speaking on London one can not but mention its parks. Londoners are proud of such parks as Hyde Park, Regent Park, Kensington Gardens in which they forget that there is a large city around them so beautiful and restful they are. Hyde Park is especially known for its Speakers` Corner.
1.	Answer the following questions
1)	What is the heart of London?
2)	How many districts are there in London?
3)	What is your native city?
4)	What do you know about Nelson?
5)	How many houses are there in the British Parliament ?
6)	Who is Sir Bengamin Hall?
7)	What is famous Westminster Abbey for?
8)	What is the oldest part of London?
9)	What is the most fashionable district in London?

2.	Find in the text the English equivalents for the following:
1)	красивые достопримечательности;
2)	была названа в честь победы;
3)	знаменитый адмирал в то время;
4)	район правительственных учреждений;
5)	бедные маленькие домишки, узкие улочки; 
6)	не возможно не упомянуть о парках.

3.	Give a summary of the text.

WASHINGTON
The capitol of the USA is the city of Washington, which is a very different sort of place. Washington, indeed, is like no other city of the USA.
The flag of the USA has about 50 stars on a blue background. Each of these stars represents one of the fifty states. But the city of Washington is not in any of these states. It is said to belong to all of them and kept by all of them.
Washington is the world’s largest one-industry town. That industry is government.
Other American cities exist for a variety of reasons: New York is a center of finance, of shipping, of fun; New Orleans deals in cotton; Chicago will sell wheat. But Washington was created to be the seat of government of the nation. Its streets and buildings were laid out that intention.
There is a law against building structures more than 90 feet high in this city, so it presents a different appearance from New York with its skyscrapers.
Not far from the Capital is the Library of Congress, built to hold five million books. The law of 1870 makes it obligatory to send to the library two copies of every book, newspaper or any other published item.
Washington does not have a subway system, there are only buses and street cars.
The city of Washington is divided into four quarters as North-east (NE), Northwest (NW), South west (SW) and Southeast (SE). Street addresses usually have these marks to make postal delivery sirupler.
From miles around can be seen the tall structure of the Washington Monument, set up to commemorate George Washington also called «the pencil». It is on the hill behind the White House. The Monument is 500 feet high.
Many tourists come to Washington every summer to see the nation`s capital. Many planes land on two Washington’s airfields – the National and Friendship Air Ports. 
The city`s pride is the Union Railroad Station. It is bigger than the Capitol itself. Twenty train tracks enter the station on the upper level and twelve on the lower. It is so big that can hold an army of fifty thousand men.

1.	Make up your own sentences, using the words bellow: 
a very different sort of place, on a background, cities exist for, is like no other, is a center of, government, there is a law, with its skyscrapers, not far from, built to hold, a subway system, to send to the library, is divided into four, many tourists come to, from miles around can be seen, the city`s pride is, it is bigger than, on the upper level, an army, indeed, the White House.
2.	Find in the text the English equivalents for the following:
1)	Представляет один из пятидесяти штатов;
2)	Не существует система метрополитена;
3)	Увидеть столицу наций.

3.	Give a summary of the text.

KAZAN
Kazan is the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan, and one of the biggest economical, scientific and cultural centers of Russia. The city is situated on the left bank of the Volga River and both banks of the Kazanka River.
Since April 2009 Kazan has the legal right to brand itself as the «Third Capital» of Russia, approved by the Russian Patent Office.
The city, located on the border line of Europe and Asia, has always been a kind of link between the East and the West, keeping traditions of two great cultures. Kazan with the marvelous Kremlin, mosques, churches and rich museums, is a unique place of interest, included among the Volga River tourist routs and the World Heritage List. It has been awarded several diplomas and a medal of UNESCO. Kazan is also a city of theatres, museums, music, international festivals, rich libraries, newest technologies, business partnership and science. 
Kazan is one of the biggest scientific and educational centers of Russia and the second biggest city by the number of students. About 10 000 young people finish secondary schools every year. Approximately 120 thousands study in 30 institutions of higher education and 23 schools and colleges. The Kazan State University, one of the oldest sites of learning of Russia, celebrated its 200th jubilee in 2004. 
Being the harmony interlacement of the East and the West, Kazan is a place of living of many nations and nationalities. One can hear speaking in more than 110 languages in Kazan. Multinational relations are based on the principle of liberty of conscience, implying equality of all religions before the law, the right of a person to choose any religion. 
The main legislative power is represented by the City Council. The executive power belongs to the City Administration. Ilsur Metshin is the head of the Administration. 
The capital of Republic Tatarstan is a large railway, highway and airway knot, the largest river port on the Volga River. Main branches of municipal industry are as follows: industrial engineering and metalwork, aircraft and instrumentation, chemical and petrochemical, light and food industry. 
Kazan is a large scientific centre of Russia and Tatarstan. Kazan State University was founded the third in Russia after Moscow’s and St-Petersburg’s universities. There are 30 higher educational institutions in the city altogether, RT Academy of Sciences and Kazan Scientific centre of RF Academy of Sciences, a network of research institutions.
Kazan is the city where L.N. Tolstoy, N.I. Lobachevsky, A.M. Butlerov,   N.N. Zinin, S.T. Aksakov, G.R. Derzhavin, M.A. Balakirev, M.S. Shepkin,      V.V. Khlebnikov, F.I. Shalyapin, V.I. Kachalov, P.Lesgaft, A. Melnikov-Pechersky were born, learned and worked. 
Kazan is a cradle of Tatar culture. Lives of such outstanding persons as Kayum Nasyri and Shigabutdin Mardjany, Gayaz Iskhaki and Sadri Maq-Sudy, Gabdulla Tukai and Khady Taktash, Salih Saidash are connected to this city. 
Kazan is a multi-religious city. Over 42 Muslim mosques, Orthodox churches, a Lutheran hall-church, a Catholic chapel, a Jewish synagogue and other cult institutions function here. Orthodox religious seminary and Russian Islamic University operate in Kazan. 
The second large Grand Concert Hall in Russia, an opera, drama and a puppet theatres, a philharmonic hall, 4 state orchestras, song and dance ensemble of Republic Tatarstan represent high cultural traditions. There are 7 higher and secondary music and cultural institutions; over 50 music and art schools. 
Great attention is given to sports development: existing stadiums and swimming pools are being restored and new ones are built. 
An impressive work had been carried out on reconstruction of old buildings and construction of new, dedicated to city Jubilee, during last years. 
In the course of festive celebrations five stations of Kazan underground were opened, Kul Sharif mosque was reconstructed and Annunciation cathedral opened after restorations, business terminal of international airport “Kazan”, new building of Tatar State Humanitarian-Pedagogical University, Hermitage centre in Kazan Kremlin and other important objects had flung opened their doors this year. Reconstruction of M.Dzhalil Opera theatre, the City Hall were accomplished. Two sides of the Kazanka river are bridged now by new Millennium bridge. 
In 2013, the World Summer Universiade will take place in Kazan, the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Second after the Olympic Games, the sport forum will bring together some ten thousand people from 110 countries.

1.	Make up your own sentences, using the words bellow: 
is the capital, the city is situated, keeping traditions of two great cultures, one of the biggest scientific and educational centers of Russia, multinational relations, great attention is given to, underground, Kremlin and other important objects, will take place in, will bring together.

2.	Find in the text the English equivalents for the following:
1)	Всемирная Летняя Универсиада;
2)	Соединены мостом;
3)	Третья столица России;
4)	 Большое внимание уделяется развитию спорта.

3. Give a summary of the text.

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS AND TRADITIONS 
People of every country live their own way. They create public holidays, manners, customs, and traditions of their own.
Manners, public holidays, customs and traditions make their life not so monotonous, not so prosaic but jolly. On public holidays, for example, people can have a rest from their everyday work.
In England public holidays and traditions also play a great role. The English people take much pride in them and carefully keep them up and celebrate.
The English are known to be sports loving nation. They have got special days for sports. At the week-ends they go to sports clubs and various playground. They like different in-door and out-door games, such as grass and ice-hockey, football, basketball, badminton and others. When there is snow they like to ski.
Among public holidays the most known are: Christmas, Boxing Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Spring and Summer Bank Holidays.
Some national holidays have a religious background. There’s a day called St` Valentine’s Day. It is on February, 14. It is a day when boys and girls, sweet-hearts and lovers, husbands and wives, friends and neighbors exchange heart-shaped cards, called valentines. The valentines can carry rhymes, songs, poems.
The Republic of Tatarstan is especially rich in public holidays and traditions because it is inhabited by people of different nationalities. Some of them date back from ancient times and have a religious background, either Christian or Moslem. Some are newly born like the the Day of Tatarstan.
Others have become common for different nationalities, such as: New Year`s Day, The International Women’s day, May Day, Victory Day, etc. The holiday of Saban Tui is favored by the population of the whole republic. It is held on the fourth Sunday in June when all field-works are over in the village. The day is characterized by merry-making: people compete in horse-racing, wrestling, walking in socks, climbing up a pillar, carrying eggs between the clenched teeth. The winner gets prizes and all the rest are entertained. 

1.	Find in the text the English equivalents for the following:
1)	делают их жизнь не такой прозаичной;
2)	традиции также играют большую роль;
3)	имеют религиозную основу;
4)	населена людьми разных национальностей;
5)	некоторые появились недавно;
6)	относятся к древним временам.

2. Make up and act a dialogue, using the phrases bellow:
traditions, public holidays, in-door and out-door games, prizes, common, neighbors, special days, St`Valentines Day, sports loving nation.

3. Give a summary of the text.

CRIMINOLOGY
Criminology is a social science dealing with the nature, extent, and causes of crime; the characteristics of criminals and their organizations; the problems of apprehending and convicting offenders; the operation of prisons and other correctional institutions; the rehabilitation of convicts both in and out of prison; and the prevention of crime.
The science of criminology has two basic objectives: to determine the causes, whether personal or social, of criminal behavior and to evolve valid principles for the social control of crime. In pursuing these objectives, criminology draws on the findings of biology, psychology, psychiatry, sociology, anthropology, and related fields.
 Criminology originated in the late 18th century when various movements began to question the humanity and efficiency of using punishment for retribution rather than deterrence and reform. There is as a consequence what is called the classical school of criminology, which aimed to mitigate legal penalties and humanize penal institutions. During the 19th century, the positivist school attempted to extend scientific neutrality to the understanding of crime. Because they held that criminals were shaped by their environment, positivists emphasized case studies and rehabilitative measures. A later school, the social defense movement, stressed the importance of balance between the rights of criminals and the rights of society.
 Criminologists commonly use several research techniques. The collection and interpretation of statistics is generally the initial step in research. The case study, often used by psychologists, concentrates on an individual or a group. The typological method involves classifying offences, criminals, or criminal areas according to various criteria. Sociological research, which may involve many different techniques, is used in criminology to study groups, subcultures, and gangs as well as rates and kinds of crime within geographic areas.
 Criminology has many practical applications. Its findings can give lawyers, judges, and prison officials a better understanding of criminals, which may lead to more treatment that is effective. Criminological research can be used by legislators and in the reform of laws and of penal institutions.
Vocabulary
Behavior-поведение
To evolve-развиваться
Movement-движение
Efficiency-эффективность
To extend-простираться
Research-исследование 

1. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following:
1. криминология рассматривает природу и причины преступлений                                                    
2. изучение обстоятельств правонарушения по материалам дела
3. криминология опирается на открытия других наук
4. проблемы задержания преступников
5. проблемы предотвращения преступлений
6. применение на практике
7. исправительные учреждения
8. установить причины преступности
9. выработать действующие принципы
10. смягчить наказание
11. подвергнуть сомнению

2. Answer the following questions:
1. What steps can society take to cope with crime?
2. What trends can be observed in the development of criminology?
3. What methods and techniques are applied in criminology?
4. In what other spheres of life can criminology find a useful application?

3.	Find in the text the description of the criminal and compose an opposite one: e.g. "The suspect is described as black, very tall..." Use some of the expressions given below:

FACE — long, round, oval, thin, plump, fleshy, puffy, wrinkled,pasty, pimpled, pock-marked, clean-shaven 
FEATURES — clean-cut, delicate, forceful, regular/ irregular, large, small, stern
COMPLEXION — fair, pale, dark, sallow 
HAIR — curly, wavy, straight, receding (scanty), rumpled, shoulder-length, medium-length, short-cut, crew-cut, bobbed, dyed, bald, fair /dark-haired
FOREHEAD — high, low, narrow, square, broad 
EYES — hollowed, bulging, close-set, deep-set, sunken, wide-apart, crossed-eyed
EYEBROWS — thin, thick, bushy, arched, penciled, shaggy
 EARS — small, big, jug-eared NOSE — prominent, straight, pointed, hooked,
flat, aquiline, snub-nosed
LIPS — full, thin, painted, cleft lip 
TEETH — even / uneven, sparse, artificial 
CHEEKS — plump, hollow, ruddy, stubby 
CHIN — square, pointed, double, massive, protruding